Islam means submission to the will of God, an eternal idea.
Muslims claim that their faith in human virgin, signed by the first humans,
Adam and Eve, and the prophets of God, including, among others, Noah, Abraham,
Moses, Jesus and Muhammad (peace be upon him) approved. Is a challenge for the
Muslim community to build a community of believers "directs what is right,
forbidding what is wrong, and believing in Allah." Islamic history is one
of constant struggle to meet this challenge in the matrix. This battle is
constant and relentless. Therefore, the Islamic revivalist movements in
providing criteria that historical events can then measure and understand
Umar bin Abdul Aziz, known in history as Umar II, Prince for
the first time in the history of the Islamic renaissance. After Muawiya, the
character of the caliphate and established dynastic rule. Umayyad corruption
reached its peak in Karbala. Magnificent Umayyad slaves and servants built
palaces were surrounded by large urban centers, treasury as their key wallet as
princes and kings lived. There is no responsibility for their wealth or their
actions. People no say in government. Khalifa was nominated and can Bashd.ksany
asked who were there to obey only the strong man, pay taxes and serve in the
armed forces.
Umar bin Abdul Aziz, Amir accidentally. Amir later.
Therefore, dictated in his will that Umar bin Abdul Aziz, a distant cousin, and
he managed to Yazid bin Abdul Malik Omar bin Abdul Aziz followed. Umar bin
Abdul Aziz, a Pole and experience as governor of Egypt and Medina had served
more than 22 years. He was raised and a famous scholar of the age, Saleh bin
Kaisan formed. Before the reign of Umar bin Abdul Aziz, a handsome young man,
his interest in fashion and perfume. But if he had accepted responsibility for
the caliphate, the most faithful and competent, visionary and leader of the
Umayyad emirs.
He began to set a good example in his own person. When the
news reached him of his appointment to the Caliphate, he turned to the people:
"O people, I do not want to rule or liability consent pushed me If you
decide to choose someone other than the Caliph. I will immediately resign and I
support his decision. "It was the breath of fresh air to the public. They
elected unanimously.
Umar ibn Abdul Aziz pressed his lavish lifestyle and ascetic
life of Abu Dhar Ghifari For example, a well-known companion of the Prophet
(peace be upon him) agreed. Umar ibn Abdul Aziz appendix removed all the
glorious Prince of life, serfs, slaves, servants, horses, palaces, estates and
gold clothing and returned to the Treasury. Family and relatives were the same
instructions. FIDAK garden is a good example. It is a palm grove to the Prophet
(peace be upon him) heard. Prophet's daughter Fatimah (R) (R) as a legacy of
the garden had requested, but was abandoned Prophet Muhammad said that the
property belongs to the whole community. Fatima, his claim before Abu Bakr (R)
complains, but Abu Bakr (R) rejected the request and said he could not agree
with this not the Prophet agreed. After the caliphate of Ali (R), FIDAK
personal wealth Umayyad built. FIDAK life for the public sector to restore, as
in trust for the entire community.
Umayyad no responsibility for the Treasury. To support their
lavish lifestyles, huge taxes they collected from Iran and Egypt. They forced
traders to sell their products at the lowest prices. Get appointment of Amir
gifts of gold and silver in exchange for favors. Back to the process of life.
Life repealed acts to punish corrupt officials and to establish strict
liability.
Some Umayyad authorities the power drunk, abused the
conquered people. Often, their properties were confiscated without due process.
Contrary to sharia, if people accepted Islam in the new land, they continued to
provide ransom. Those who refuse to pay the tax was threatened severe punishment.
The way of life exceeded and ensures fairness in tax collection. Gone
suppression Hajjaj bin Qurra Shareek in Iraq and Egypt. The people responded
with enthusiastic support of the new Caliph. Increased production. Evidence
that the reforms Omar Ibn Kathir, net profit of 28 million dirhams to 124
million dirhams performed only increased.
Following the example of the Prophet, Umar Bin Abdul Aziz
sent emissaries to China and Tibet, calling their leaders to accept Islam. If
officials have complained that, because of the conversion, Ransom significantly
reduces government revenue, Caliph Umar replied that. An invitation to people
had accepted Islam and not raise taxes injection of non-Arabs, Islam in large
numbers in the middle of the Medina and Damascus, Iran and Egypt. As we develop
in the next chapter, this development has had far-reaching consequences in the
Abbasids (750) revolution and evolution in the schools of fiqh (760-860).
Umar bin Abdul Aziz, Emir of the first serious attempts to
reconcile religious and political divisions among Muslims. Muawiya became
common as Khatiban insulting Ali ibn Abi Talib (R) in the sermons of Friday
prayers. Removal, so that you think of him "(Qur'an 16:90). It is still
Friday sermon is read worldwide. Bani Hashim, and his Shias are treated with
fairness and dignity. He even offered his hand to punish. Ibn Kathir writes
Bostam chief Khawarij, they invite you to discuss the caliphate of Uthman (r)
and Ali (R). He even went so far as to say Bostam must satisfy the life of
penance would be willing to change their ways and be. Bostam sent two of his
emissaries to the caliph. during the discussion, delegates agreed that life was
fair and extremist Kharijites believe Thvyl.dygr. However, this does not mean
Khalifa man.
Umar bin Abdul Aziz, the first Muslim ruler of the horizon
outside of the conquests of his birth was moved inside. His army to the borders
of France, India and recalled the outskirts of Constantinople Opel. There was
an uprising and civil war during his caliphate there. Islam became the horizon
at the time of his soul, to reflect on the historical conditions of their moral
and replenish the deposit. Faith has flourished, as he had done was for Umar
ibn al-Khattab (R). It is for these reasons that historians refer Umar bin
Abdul Aziz Umar II and classified as the fifth rightly guided caliph Abu Bakr
(R), Umar (R), Usman (r) and Ali (R).
But greed is not on his turf without a fight of faith. Life
II reforms were also unhappy with the Umayyads and wealthy businessmen. Umar II
was poisoned in the year 719, after the death of an empire that lasted only two
and a half years. At the time of his death he was 39 years old. And with him
died the last chance for the government of the Umayyads.
